ECB set to hike again with inflation stubbornly high

European Central Bank (ECB) is set to hike interest rate again when its policymakers meet Thursday as inflation remains high, but the central bank faces increasing discontent among countries scared high interest rates will hurt growth.

The Frankfurt-based financial institution has lifted borrowing costs at the fastest rate ever to combat red-hot inflation after Russia's war in Ukraine sent food and energy prices soaring.

Key rates have risen by four percentage points since July last year, with the ECB's deposit rate now sitting at 3.50%-- its highest level since 2001.

The sequence of rate hikes does not look like it will stop this week, despite moves by other central banks to slow the tempo of increases.

At its last meeting in June, ECB President Christine Lagarde said it was "very likely" that the bank would raise rates again at its next meeting.

"Virtually everyone is anticipating a 0.25 percentage point increase," the head of the influential German central bank, Joachim Nagel told.

But future increases are in doubt as inflation slowly eases and the eurozone economy looks weak.

Consumer prices rose at a 5.5% pace in June -- still well above the ECB's 2% target but down from its double-digit peak towards the end of 2022.

Collectively, the eurozone fell into recession around the turn of the year, shrinking in two straight quarters.

Core inflation

The outlook for the economy is not much rosier. At its last meeting in June, the ECB lowered its forecast for eurozone growth this year to 0.9 from 1.0 percent.

The eurozone economy will "strengthen in the course of the year" as inflation eases, it said.

With a new hike almost a given, the July meeting is an opportunity to weigh the "advisability of extending the tightening", said Eric Dor, a director at the IESEG business school.

The Federal Reserve, which started its hiking cycle before the ECB, hit pause on new increases at its last meeting in June as US inflation fell more than expected, but could hike again at its meeting this week.

Meanwhile, falling inflation in the eurozone was "mainly due to the reduction in the annual growth of energy prices", which are little influenced by monetary policy, Dor said.

"Excluding energy, the reduction in annual price growth is still very limited," he said.

Core inflation -- a closely watched measure that excludes volatile energy, food, alcohol and tobacco prices -- in fact rose to 5.4 percent in the eurozone in June from 5.3 percent in May.

The persistence of inflation was "caused by the fact that inflation is working its way through the economy in phases", Lagarde said at the end of June.

ECB officials are now concerned about the impact of rising wages as workers demand higher salaries to cover rising costs.

'Difficult situation'

Concerns over stubborn inflation will ultimately convince the bank to keep hiking beyond Thursday's meeting, according to Ulrike Kastens, European economist at DWS.

"Neither the labour market nor the underlying price trend will weaken significantly," Kastens said, predicting another rise in September.

But some members of the governing council have raised the prospect of stopping hikes.

"We might have one further move... but I'm not sure that we're going to go further than that," the head of the Greek central bank, Yannis Stournaras, said last week.

Steep interest rate rises have also provoked an angry backlash from political leaders in southern eurozone countries, where debt levels are higher and growth has been weaker.

"The ECB's simplistic recipe of raising interest rates does not appear to many to be the right way forward," Italy's far-right Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni said at the end of June.

Meloni pinned the blame on the Ukraine conflict and worried over the impact of rising rates on the economy.

More hikes "could create a more difficult situation for growth at the European level", Portuguese Finance Minister Fernando Medina concurred.